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Why Do Onions Make You Cry? (mengapa bawang membuatmu menangis?)

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Unless you've avoided cooking, you've probably cut up an onion and experienced the burning and tearing you get from the vapors. When you cut an onion, you break cells, releasing their contents. Amino acid sulfoxides form sulfenic acids. Enzymes that were kept separate now are free to mix with the sulfenic acids to produce propanethiol S-oxide, a volatile sulfur compound that wafts upward toward your eyes. This gas reacts with the water in your tears to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid burns, stimulating your eyes to release more tears to wash the irritant away. Cooking the onion inactivates the enzyme, so while the smell of cooked onions may be strong, it doesn't burn your eyes. Aside from wearing safety googles or running a fan, you can keep from crying by refrigerating your onion before cutting it (slows reactions and changes the chemistry inside the onion) or by cutting the onion under water. The sulfur-containing compounds also leave a characteristic odor on your f...

Hot Ice Materials

sodium acetate water saucepan glass or pan Making Your Own Sodium Acetate Monohydrate If you don't have any sodium acetate monohydrate you can make your own. Add baking soda ( sodium bicarbonate ) to vinegar (weak acetic acid ) until the mixture stops fizzing. This will give you an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. If you boil off the water, you'll be left with the sodium acetate. Expect to use a lot of baking soda and vinegar if you go this route. Make the Hot Ice What you are going to do is make a supersaturated sodium acetate solution. The solution will remain a supercooled liquid until a little solid sodium acetate is introduced. This will cause rapid crystallization that will resemble a block of ice, except it will be hot to the touch and not edible. Dump some sodium acetate monohydrate into a saucepan. Add just enough water to dissolve the sodium acetate. Heat the solution to just below its boiling point. Stir in more sodium acetate. Keep stirring and adding sodium a...

Syarat sah sebagai guru bertaraf internasional

Jika anda berniat sebagai guru yang bertaraf internasional hendaknya memiliki beberapa kompetensi yang sesuai dengan profesi anda. seorang guru harus memiliki 4 kompetensi, yaitu: 1. Proffesional competence 2. pedagogical competence 3. Social competence 4. Personal competence

Teori asam-basa

Teori asam-basa Pada pembelajaran kimia di SMA, materi Asam-basa dipelajari pada kelas XI semester 2. Teori asam-basa yang dipelajari adalah teori asam-basa menurut teori Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, dan Lewis. Di dalam buku kimia, sering kali disebutkan bahwa semua reaksi asam-basa selalu menghasilkan garam. Berdasarkan survey yang telah saya lakukan, pernyataan tentang hasil reaksi asam-basa adalah selalu garam adalah salah. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut, marilah kita bahas tentang definisi dari asam dan basa menurut teori masing-masing.

Kaos T-Shirt "Beer Chemistry"

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Kaos T-Shirt yang bergambar struktur pembuatan beer (minuman beralkohol) ini dipakai oleh Lincoln seorang bartender di The Tale of the Whale in Nags Head.

Bananas Are Radioactive

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You may have read about everyday objects setting off radiation alarms at border crossings between the US and Canada and Mexico. Newsweek has an article describing how medical radiation treatments (e.g., bone scans) may lead to traveling delays when they trigger radiation sensors. When the sensors are tripped, border officials conduct more intensive inspections to make sure you aren't carrying nuclear weapons. There are other ways to set off the alarms. Do you carry kitty litter in your car to help provide traction in icy weather or to absorb oil? It's slightly radioactive. Do you have tile or granite in your vehicle for a home improvement project? It has a relatively high radiation signature. Do you have a lot of bananas? They are also slightly radioactive. It's pretty easy to understand why tile, granite, and kitty litter are radioactive. They contain low levels of minerals that naturally decay. Bananas are radioactive for a similar reason. The fruit contains high levels...